Shielding gases protect the weld pool from atmospheric contamination (oxygen, nitrogen, moisture) during arc welding. Common gases include argon, helium, carbon dioxide, and oxygen blends. Used in MIG, TIG, and flux-cored welding processes.
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Gas selection affects arc stability, penetration, and spatter levels. Challenges include gas cylinder handling and flow rate control.
Nevertheless, custom gas blends and digital flow meters are improving weld quality and reducing gas waste.